Description

The spleen is an organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen, below the ribcage and behind the stomach. It is part of the lymphatic system and plays essential roles in immune function, blood filtration, and the storage of blood cells. Anatomy: Size and Shape: The spleen is about the size of a fist in adults, but its size can vary. It has a flattened oval shape and a smooth outer surface. Location: The spleen is situated in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, between the ninth and eleventh ribs, close to the left kidney. Structure: The spleen is encapsulated by a connective tissue capsule, which gives it support and protection. It is divided into two main regions: the red pulp and the white pulp. Physiology: 1. Immune Function: • White Pulp: The white pulp of the spleen contains specialized immune cells, including lymphocytes, which play a crucial role in the body's immune response. It acts as a filter for blood, trapping and removing foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and old or damaged red blood cells. • Antibody Production: The spleen is involved in the production of antibodies, which are proteins that help the body fight off infections and pathogens. 2. Blood Filtration and Storage: • Red Pulp: The red pulp of the spleen consists of a network of blood-filled sinuses and cords. It filters the blood by removing old or damaged red blood cells, platelets, and other cellular debris. • Platelet Storage: The spleen serves as a reservoir for platelets, which are crucial for blood clotting. It can release stored platelets into circulation when needed to help control bleeding. 3. Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Production): • During fetal development, the spleen is involved in the production of red blood cells. However, this function diminishes shortly after birth, and the bone marrow becomes the primary site of red blood cell production. 4. Destruction of Defective Blood Cells: • The spleen identifies and removes abnormal or defective red blood cells from circulation. It helps eliminate cells that are old, damaged, or have abnormal shapes, promoting the overall health and quality of circulating blood cells. Overall, the spleen plays vital roles in immune function, blood filtration, and the storage and release of blood cells. However, it's important to note that individuals can live without a spleen, although they may be more susceptible to certain infections and require vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis in some cases. Common Diseases of Spleen are : • Spleen Injury • Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura