Description

What is Small Intestine? The small intestine is a vital organ in the digestive system responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the human body. It is a long, tube-like structure located between the stomach and the large intestine. The small intestine is divided into three main sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. 1. Duodenum: The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine. It receives partially digested food, bile, and pancreatic enzymes. The bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, while pancreatic enzymes are produced by the pancreas. In the duodenum, these substances help further break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. 2. Jejunum: The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine and is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients. Its walls are lined with finger-like projections called villi, which greatly increase the surface area available for absorption. The villi are covered with tiny projections called microvilli, further enhancing nutrient absorption. Here, the breakdown products of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, along with vitamins, minerals, and water, are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the rest of the body for energy and other functions. 3. Ileum: The ileum is the final section of the small intestine. It continues the process of nutrient absorption, particularly fat-soluble vitamins and bile salts. It also absorbs any remaining nutrients, electrolytes, and water that were not absorbed in the jejunum. The ileum connects to the large intestine through a valve called the ileocecal valve, which regulates the flow of material between the two organs. Functions of the small intestine include: 1. Digestion: The small intestine receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues the process of digestion with the help of bile and pancreatic enzymes. 2. Nutrient Absorption: The lining of the small intestine contains specialized cells that absorb nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, into the bloodstream. 3. Secretion: The small intestine secretes digestive enzymes, mucus, and hormones that aid in the digestion and absorption processes. 4. Immune Function: The small intestine plays a crucial role in the body's immune system. It contains specialized immune cells called Peyer's patches, which help protect against harmful bacteria and other pathogens. Overall, the small intestine acts as a critical site for digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function, ensuring that the body receives the necessary nutrients to maintain its functions and overall health. Common Diseases of Small Intestine are : • Intestinal Obstruction • Crohn’s Disease • Intestine Perforation • Intestinal Gangrene • Meckel Diverticulum • Intestinal Intussusception Cancer of Small Intestine

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