Description

Causes of rectal cancer Rectal cancer typically develops due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the exact cause is often unclear, several known risk factors are associated with an increased likelihood of developing rectal cancer. Here are some common causes and risk factors: Age: The risk of developing rectal cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in individuals over 50 years old. Personal or Family History: Having a personal history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps, as well as a family history of colorectal cancer, increases the risk of developing rectal cancer. Genetic Factors: Inherited gene mutations, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can predispose individuals to develop colorectal cancers, including rectal cancer. Polyps: Certain types of polyps, such as adenomatous polyps or serrated polyps, can progress to become cancerous if not removed. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Long-standing ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease affecting the rectum increases the risk of developing rectal cancer. Diet and Lifestyle Factors: A diet high in red and processed meats, low in fiber, and lacking in fruits and vegetables, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking, have been associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer. Radiation Therapy: Previous radiation treatment in the pelvic region for other conditions may slightly increase the risk of developing rectal cancer later in life. It's important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee the development of rectal cancer, and individuals without any known risk factors can still develop the disease. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help in the early detection and prevention of rectal cancer. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a gastroenterologist or oncologist, can provide further guidance on individual risk factors and appropriate preventive measures. Symptoms of rectal cancer The symptoms of rectal cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Here are some common symptoms associated with rectal cancer: Rectal Bleeding: One of the most common symptoms of rectal cancer is rectal bleeding, which may be bright red or dark-colored blood seen on toilet paper, in the stool, or in the toilet bowl. Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or a feeling of incomplete bowel movement, may be present. There may also be a sense of urgency or a need to strain during bowel movements. Abdominal Discomfort or Pain: Abdominal pain, cramping, or discomfort, often located in the lower abdomen or around the rectum, can occur. This pain may be persistent or intermittent. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Chronic bleeding from the rectum can lead to iron deficiency anemia, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss without a known cause can be a symptom of advanced rectal cancer. Rectal Mass or Lump: In some cases, a palpable mass or lump may be felt in the rectal area during a physical examination. Narrow Stools or Thin Stools: The presence of narrow or pencil-thin stools, known as "ribbon-like" stools, can be a sign of a blockage in the rectum. It's important to note that these symptoms can be associated with other conditions as well, and the presence of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate rectal cancer. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon, for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the outcomes for rectal cancer. Stages of colon cancer: Stage 0 : Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine. Stage I : Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon. Stage II : Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon. Stage III : Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Stage IV : Cancer has spread to other organs outside the colon.