Description

What is Large Intestine? The large bowel, also known as the large intestine or colon, is an important part of the digestive system. Here's a brief overview of its anatomy and physiology: Anatomy: 1. Length and Divisions: The large bowel is approximately 5 feet long and consists of several divisions: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. 2. Structure: The colon has a thick muscular wall with circular and longitudinal muscle layers. It also has pouch-like structures called haustra, which aid in the absorption of water and electrolytes. Physiology: 1. Absorption of Water and Electrolytes: The primary function of the large bowel is to absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food matter that enters it from the small intestine. This process helps in forming solid feces. 2. Bacterial Fermentation: The large bowel houses a complex ecosystem of beneficial bacteria. These bacteria ferment undigested carbohydrates and fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids that provide a source of energy for the colon cells. 3. Formation and Storage of Feces: As water is absorbed, the remaining material in the colon becomes more solid, forming feces. The feces are stored in the rectum until they are eliminated from the body during a bowel movement. 4. Vitamin Synthesis: Some beneficial bacteria in the large bowel are capable of synthesizing certain vitamins, such as vitamin K and some B vitamins, which are then absorbed by the body. In summary, the large bowel plays a crucial role in absorbing water and electrolytes, fermenting undigested material, forming and storing feces, and supporting the synthesis of certain vitamins. Common Diseases of Large bowel are : • Diverticulitis of Colon • Sigmoid Volvulus • Ulcerative Colitis • Intestinal Gangrene Cancer of Large bowel

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