Description

When acid reflux back from stomach to food pipe due to lax valve between it and stomach and produce damage to the inner lining of food pipe called GERD (Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease). GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. What are the symptoms of GERD Here are some common symptoms of GERD 1. Heartburn: This is a burning sensation or discomfort felt in the chest or upper abdomen. It often occurs after eating and can sometimes spread to the throat. 2. Acid regurgitation: This is the feeling of stomach acid coming back up into the throat or mouth. It may leave a sour or bitter taste. 3. Difficulty in swallowing: Some people with GERD may experience a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or a feeling of tightness when swallowing. 4. Chest pain: GERD can cause chest pain that may feel like a squeezing or pressure. However, it's important to note that chest pain can also be a symptom of other serious conditions, so it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. 5. Chronic cough: A persistent, dry cough that doesn't seem to go away can be a symptom of GERD. It may worsen at night or after eating. 6. Hoarseness or voice changes: Acid reflux can irritate the vocal cords, leading to a hoarse voice or changes in voice quality. 7. Excessive burping or belching: Some individuals with GERD may experience frequent burping or belching due to the presence of excess gas in the digestive system. It's important to remember that these symptoms can vary from person to person, and not everyone with GERD will experience all of them. If you suspect you have GERD or are experiencing persistent symptoms, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. What investigations required? To diagnose GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), healthcare professionals may perform several investigations or tests. 1. Symptom assessment: The first step is usually a thorough discussion with your doctor about your symptoms. They will ask you questions about the frequency and severity of symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, coughing, and swallowing difficulties. 2. Physical examination: A physical examination may be conducted to check for any signs of complications or other related conditions. 3. Upper endoscopy: This is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera called an endoscope is inserted through your mouth and into your food pipe and stomach. It allows the doctor to visually examine the lining of these organs for any signs of inflammation, ulcers, or other abnormalities. 4. Esophageal pH monitoring: This test measures the level of acidity in your food pipe over a 24-hour period. A small, flexible tube is inserted through your nose and into your food pipe to measure the pH levels and detect any episodes of acid reflux. 5. Esophageal manometry: This test measures the strength and coordination of the muscles in your food pipe. A thin tube is inserted through your nose and into your food pipe to assess how well the muscles are working and if they are functioning properly. 6. Barium swallow: During this test, you drink a chalky liquid containing barium, which coats the lining of your food pipe and stomach. Then, X-rays are taken to observe the movement of the barium as you swallow. This can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of your food pipe. These investigations help healthcare professionals diagnose GERD by evaluating the presence of acid reflux, assessing the condition of the food pipe, and ruling out other potential causes of your symptoms. It's important to note that the specific tests performed may vary depending on individual circumstances, and your healthcare provider will determine which investigations are necessary for an accurate diagnosis.