Description

What is Fistula in ano? A fistula in ano, also known as an anal fistula, is an abnormal tunnel-like tract that forms between the inside of the anus or rectum and the skin near the anus. It typically develops as a result of an infection or abscess in the anal or rectal area. What causes Fistula in ano? A fistula in ano typically develops as a complication of an anal or rectal abscess. The formation of a fistula occurs when the abscess fails to heal properly and the infection creates a pathway between the inside of the anus or rectum and the surrounding skin. Several factors contribute to the development of a fistula in ano: 1. Anal or Rectal Abscess: The majority of fistulas in ano are a result of an anal or rectal abscess. These abscesses occur when bacteria infect the anal or rectal glands, causing a collection of pus to form. 2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are types of inflammatory bowel disease, can increase the risk of developing fistulas. The inflammation and ulceration associated with these conditions can lead to the formation of fistulous tracts. 3. Previous Anal or Rectal Surgery: Previous surgeries in the anal or rectal area, such as hemorrhoidectomy or anal fissure surgery, can increase the risk of developing a fistula. The surgical incisions or trauma can disrupt the normal healing process and create a pathway for the formation of a fistula. 4. Trauma or Injury: Injury or trauma to the anal or rectal area, such as a tear during childbirth or certain medical procedures, can contribute to the development of a fistula. 5. Certain Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as tuberculosis or sexually transmitted infections (e.g., syphilis), can lead to the formation of fistulas in the anal or rectal area. It's important to note that in some cases, the exact cause of a fistula in ano may not be identified. However, the primary underlying cause is typically an infection that results in the development of an abscess and subsequent fistula. If you suspect you have a fistula in ano or are experiencing symptoms, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a colorectal surgeon or proctologist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. What are the types of Fistula in ano? Fistulas in ano can be classified based on their anatomical characteristics and complexity. Here are some common types of fistula in ano: 1. Intersphincteric Fistula: This type of fistula starts in the anal canal and extends through the internal anal sphincter muscle, passing between the internal and external anal sphincters. 2. Transsphincteric Fistula: A transsphincteric fistula starts in the anal canal and extends through both the internal and external anal sphincter muscles. It forms a tract that connects the anal canal to an external opening near the skin around the anus. 3. Suprasphincteric Fistula: Suprasphincteric fistulas begin in the rectum or anal canal and extend upward, passing above the external anal sphincter muscle before connecting to an external opening. They often involve a long, curved tract. 4. Extrasphincteric Fistula: This type of fistula begins in the rectum or anal canal and forms a tract that bypasses both the internal and external anal sphincter muscles. It typically extends through the pelvic floor and connects to an external opening. 5. Horseshoe Fistula: Horseshoe fistulas are more complex and involve multiple tracts or branches. They often extend from one side of the anus to the other, forming a horseshoe-like shape. 6. Rectovaginal Fistula: This type of fistula forms a connection between the rectum and the vagina. It can occur as a result of various factors, such as childbirth trauma, Crohn's disease, or surgical complications. It's important to note that fistulas in ano can also be classified based on their complexity, recurrence, or association with specific medical conditions. The specific type of fistula in each individual case can vary, and a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, such as a colorectal surgeon or proctologist, is necessary for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.