Description

Diverticulitis of the colon refers to the inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that form in the wall of the large intestine or colon. These pouches are known as diverticula, and the condition of having them is called diverticulosis. When one or more of these diverticula become inflamed or infected, it leads to diverticulitis. Diverticula typically develop in weakened areas of the colon wall, often due to increased pressure inside the colon. When fecal matter gets trapped in these pouches, bacteria can multiply, causing infection and inflammation. The exact cause of diverticulitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with factors such as a low-fiber diet, lack of physical activity, and aging. Symptoms of diverticulitis of colon The symptoms of diverticulitis can vary in severity and may include: 1. Abdominal Pain: The most common symptom of diverticulitis is abdominal pain, usually localized in the lower left side of the abdomen. The pain can be constant or intermittent and may worsen with movement or pressure. 2. Fever and Chills: Inflammation and infection of the diverticula can lead to a fever, often accompanied by chills. 3. Changes in Bowel Habits: Diverticulitis can cause changes in bowel movements, including diarrhea or constipation. 4. Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals with diverticulitis may experience nausea and vomiting. 5. Abdominal Tenderness: The affected area of the abdomen may be tender to touch or pressure. 6. Bloating and Gas: Increased gas production and bloating can occur as a result of the inflammation in the colon. 7. Blood in Stool: In severe cases, diverticulitis can cause rectal bleeding, which may appear as bright red blood in the stool or as dark, tarry stools. It is important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions, such as gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel disease. If you experience any of these symptoms or suspect you may have diverticulitis, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Diagnosis of diverticulitis of colon The diagnosis of diverticulitis of the colon typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Here are the common methods used for diagnosing diverticulitis: 1. Medical History: Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, their duration, and any previous episodes of abdominal pain or digestive issues. They will also inquire about your medical history, family history, and any risk factors associated with diverticulitis. 2. Physical Examination: A physical examination may be performed to assess your abdomen for tenderness, swelling, or other signs of inflammation. Your healthcare provider may also check your vital signs, including temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. 3. Blood Tests: Blood tests can help evaluate the presence of infection or inflammation. A complete blood count (CBC) may be conducted to check for an elevated white blood cell count, which indicates an immune response. 4. Imaging Studies: • CT Scan: Computed tomography (CT) scan is the most commonly used imaging test for diagnosing diverticulitis. It can provide detailed images of the colon and identify inflamed diverticula, abscesses, or other complications. • Abdominal Ultrasound: Ultrasound may be used as an initial imaging test, especially in cases where radiation exposure is a concern. It can help visualize inflamed diverticula or detect complications such as abscesses or bowel obstruction. • X-ray: An abdominal X-ray may be performed to rule out other conditions or complications, but it is not as sensitive as a CT scan for diagnosing diverticulitis. 5. Other Procedures: • Colonoscopy: In some cases, a colonoscopy may be recommended to rule out other conditions or to assess the severity of diverticulitis. • Barium Enema: This is a less common procedure where a contrast material (barium) is inserted into the colon through the rectum, and X-rays are taken to visualize the colon's structure. The specific diagnostic approach may vary based on individual circumstances and the severity of symptoms. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.